# Host/Target specific installation notes for GCC

Please read this document carefully before installing the GNU Compiler Collection on your machine.

- alpha*-dec-linux*
- alpha*-dec-osf*
- avr
- DOS
- hppa*-hp-hpux*
- hppa*-hp-hpux9
- hppa*-hp-hpux10
- hppa*-hp-hpux11
- *-*-linux-gnu
- i?86-*-linux*
- i?86-*-sco3.2v5*
- i?86-*-solaris*
- i?86-*-udk
- *-ibm-aix*
- m68k-*-nextstep*
- m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1
- mips*-sgi-irix[45]
- mips*-sgi-irix6
- powerpc-*-linux-gnu*
- *-*-solaris*
- sparc-sun-solaris*
- sparc-sun-solaris2.7
- *-sun-solaris2.8
- Sun V5.0 Compiler Bugs
- sparc-sun-sunos*
- sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1
- sparc64-*-*
- Microsoft Windows
- OS/2

- all ELF targets (SVR4, Solaris, etc.)

### alpha*-dec-linux*

We strongly recommend to upgrade to binutils 2.10 (or newer).

The following error:

      Error: macro requires $at register while noat in effect

indicates that you should upgrade to a newer version of the assembler, 2.9 or later. If you can not upgrade the assembler, the compiler option "-Wa,-m21164a" may work around this problem.

### alpha*-dec-osf*

If you install a shared libstdc++ and, when you link a non-trivial C++ program (for example, `gcc/testsuite/g++.other/delete3.C`), the linker reports a couple of errors about multiply-defined symbols (for example, `nothrow`, `__throw` and `terminate(void)`), you've probably got a linker bug, for which there's no known fix. The officially recommended work-around is to remove the shared libstdc++.

An alternative solution is to arrange that all symbols from `libgcc` get copied to the shared `libstdc++`; see detailed solution below. (Surprising as it may seem, this does indeed fix the problem!) Beware that this may bring you binary-compatibility problems in the future, if you don't use the same work-around next time you build `libstdc++`: if programs start to depend on `libstdc++` to provide symbols that used to be only in `libgcc`, you must arrange that `libstdc++` keeps providing them, otherwise the programs will have to be relinked.

The magic spell is to add `-Wl,-all,-lgcc,-none` to the definition of macro `SHDEPS` in `libstdc++/config/dec-osf.ml` before `alpha*-dec-osf*/libstdc++/Makefile` is created (a patch that does just that is available). If the Makefile already exists, run `./config.status` within directory `alpha*-dec-osf*/libstdc++` (and `alpha*-dec-osf*/ieee/libstdc++`, if it also exists). Remove any existing `libstdc++.so*` from such directories, and run `make all-target-libstdc++` in the top-level directory, then `make install-target-libstdc++`.

If you have already removed the build tree, you may just remove `libstdc++.so.2.10.0` from the install tree and re-create it with the command `gcc -shared -o libstdc++.so.2.10.0 -Wl,-all,-lstdc++,-lgcc,-none -lm`. If the `ieee` sub-directory exists, repeat this command in it, with the additional flag `-mieee`.

### avr

Use `configure --target=avr --enable-languages="c"' to configure GCC.

Further installation notes and other useful information about AVR tools can also be obtained from:

- http://home.overta.ru/users/denisc
- http://www.itnet.pl/amelektr/avr

We strongly recommend to upgrade to binutils 2.11 (or a current snapshot until 2.11 has been released).

The following error:

      Error: register required

indicates that you should upgrade to a newer version of the binutils.

### DOS

Please have a look at our binaries page.

### hppa*-hp-hpux*

We highly recommend using gas/binutils-2.8 or newer on all hppa platforms; you may encounter a variety of problems when using the HP assembler.

Specifically, `-g` does not work on HP-UX (since that system uses a peculiar debugging format which GCC does not know about), unless you use GAS and GDB and configure GCC with the `--with-gnu-as` option.

If you wish to use pa-risc 2.0 architecture support, you must use either the HP assembler or a recent snapshot of gas.

More specific information to hppa*-hp-hpux* targets follows.

### hppa*-hp-hpux9

The HP assembler has major problems on this platform. We've tried to work around the worst of the problems. However, those workarounds may be causing linker crashes in some circumstances; the workarounds also probably prevent shared libraries from working. Use the GNU assembler to avoid these problems.

The configuration scripts for GCC will also trigger a bug in the hpux9 shell. To avoid this problem set CONFIG_SHELL to /bin/ksh and SHELL to /bin/ksh in your environment.

### hppa*-hp-hpux10

For hpux10.20, we highly recommend you pick up the latest sed patch `PHCO_19798` from HP. HP has two sites which provide patches free of charge:

- US, Canada, Asia-Pacific, and Latin-America
- Europe

The HP assembler on these systems is much better than the hpux9 assembler, but still has some problems. Most notably the assembler inserts timestamps into each object file it creates, causing the 3-stage comparison test to fail during a ``make bootstrap`'. You should be able to continue by saying ``make all`' after getting the failure from ``make bootstrap`'.

### hppa*-hp-hpux11

GCC 2.95.2 does not support HP-UX 11, and it cannot generate 64-bit object files. Current (as of late 2000) snapshots and GCC 3.0 do support HP-UX 11.

### *-*-linux-gnu

If you use glibc 2.2 (or 2.1.9x), GCC 2.95.2 won't install out-of-the-box. You'll get compile errors while building libstdc++. The patch glibc-2.2.patch, that is to be applied in the GCC source tree, fixes the compatibility problems.

### i?86-*-linux*

You will need binutils-2.9.1.0.15 or newer for exception handling to work.

If you receive Signal 11 errors when building on GNU/Linux, then it is possible you have a hardware problem. Further information on this can be found on www.bitwizard.nl.

### i?86-*-sco3.2v5*

Unlike earlier versions of GCC, the ability to generate COFF with this target is no longer provided.

Earlier versions of GCC emitted Dwarf-1 when generating ELF to allow the system debugger to be used. That support was too burdensome to maintain. GCC now emits only dwarf-2 for this target. This means you may use either the UDK debugger or GDB to debug programs built by this version of GCC.

If you are building languages other than C, you must follow the instructions about invoking ``make bootstrap`' because the native OpenServer compiler will build a `cc1plus` that will not correctly parse many valid C++ programs including those in `libgcc.a`. You must do a ``make bootstrap`' if you are building with the native compiler.

Use of the ``-march-pentiumpro`' flag can result in unrecognized opcodes when using the native assembler on OS versions before 5.0.6. (Support for P6 opcodes was added to the native ELF assembler in that version.) While it's rather rare to see these emitted by GCC yet, errors of the basic form:

      /usr/tmp/ccaNlqBc.s:22:unknown instruction: fcomip
      /usr/tmp/ccaNlqBc.s:50:unknown instruction: fucomip

are symptoms of this problem. You may work around this by not building affected files with that flag, by using the GNU assembler, or by using the assembler provided with the current version of the OS. Users of GNU assembler should see the note below for hazards on doing so.

The native SCO assembler that is provided with the OS at no charge is normally required. If, however, you must be able to use the GNU assembler (perhaps you're compiling code with asms that require GAS syntax) you may configure this package using the flags `--with-gnu-as`. You must use a recent version of GNU binutils; versions past 2.9.1 seem to work well. In general, the `--with-gnu-as` option isn't as well tested as the native assembler.

Look in `gcc/config/i386/sco5.h` (search for "messy") for additional OpenServer-specific flags.

Systems based on OpenServer before 5.0.4 (``uname -X`' will tell you what you're running) require TLS597 from ftp.sco.com/TLS for C++ constructors and destructors to work right.

The system linker in (at least) 5.0.4 and 5.0.5 will sometimes do the wrong thing for a construct that GCC will emit for PIC code. This can be seen as execution testsuite failures when using -fPIC on 921215-1.c, 931002-1.c, nestfunc-1.c, and gcov-1.c. For 5.0.5, an updated linker that will cure this problem is available. You must install both ftp://ftp.sco.com/Supplements/rs505a/ and OSS499A.

The dynamic linker in OpenServer 5.0.5 (earlier versions may show the same problem) aborts on certain g77-compiled programs. It's particularly likely to be triggered by building Fortran code with the `-fPIC` flag. Although it's conceivable that the error could be triggered by other code, only G77-compiled code has been observed to cause this abort. If you are getting core dumps immediately upon execution of your g77 program - and especially if it's compiled with -fPIC - try applying ``sco_osr5_g77.patch'` to your libf2c and rebuilding GCC. Affected faults, when analyzed in a debugger, will show a stack backtrace with a fault occurring in `rtld()` and the program running as `/usr/lib/ld.so.1`. This problem has been reported to SCO engineering and will hopefully be addressed in later releases.

### i?86-*-solaris*

GCC 2.95.2, when configured to use the GNU assembler, would invoke it with the `-s` switch, that GNU as up to 2.9.5.0.12 does not support. If you'd rather not use a newer GNU as nor the native assembler, you'll need the patch ``x86-sol2-gas.patch'`.

### i?86-*-udk

This target emulates the SCO Universal Development Kit and requires that package be installed. (If it is installed, you will have a `/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc` file present.) It's very much like the `i?86-*-unixware7*` target but is meant to be used when hosting on a system where UDK isn't the default compiler such as OpenServer 5 or Unixware 2. This target will generate binaries that will run on OpenServer, Unixware 2, or Unixware 7, with the same warnings and caveats as the SCO UDK.

You can stage1 with either your native compiler or with UDK. If you don't do a full bootstrap when initially building with your native compiler you will have an utterly unusable pile of bits as your reward.

This target is a little tricky to build because we have to distinguish it from the native tools (so it gets headers, startups, and libraries from the right place) while making the tools not think we're actually building a cross compiler. The easiest way to do this is with a configure command like this:

      CC=/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc /your/path/to/gcc/configure --host=i686-pc-udk --target=i686-pc-udk --program-prefix=udk-

You should substitute 'i686' in the above command with the appropriate processor for your host.

You should follow this with a ``make bootstrap`' then ``make install`'. You can then access the UDK-targeted GCC tools by adding `udk-` before the commonly known name. For example, to invoke the C compiler, you would use ``udk-gcc`'. They will coexist peacefully with any native-target GCC tools you may have installed.

### *-ibm-aix*

AIX Make frequently has problems with GCC makefiles. GNU Make 3.76 or newer is recommended to build on this platform.

Errors involving "alloca" when building GCC generally are due to an incorrect definition of `CC` in the Makefile or mixing files compiled with the native C compiler and GCC. During the stage1 phase of the build, the native AIX compiler must be invoked as "cc" (not "xlc"). Once `configure` has been informed of "xlc", one needs to use "make distclean" to remove the configure cache files and ensure that `$CC` environment variable does not provide a definition that will confuse `configure`. If this error occurs during stage2 or later, then the problem most likely is the version of Make (see above).

Some versions of the AIX binder (linker) can fail with a relocation overflow severe error when the -bbigtoc option is used to link GCC-produced object files into an executable that overflows the TOC. A fix for APAR IX75823 (OVERFLOW DURING LINK WHEN USING GCC AND -BBIGTOC) is available from IBM Customer Support and from its service.boulder.ibm.com website as PTF U455193.

Binutils does not support AIX 4.3 (at least through release 2.9). GNU as and GNU ld will not work properly and one should not configure GCC to use those GNU utilities. Use the native AIX tools which do interoperate with GCC.

AIX 4.3 utilizes a new "large format" archive to support both 32-bit and 64-bit object modules. The routines provided in AIX 4.3.0 and AIX 4.3.1 to parse archive libraries did not handle the new format correctly. These routines are used by GCC and result in error messages during linking such as "not a COFF file". The version of the routines shipped with AIX 4.3.1 should work for a 32-bit environment. The `-g` option of the archive command may be used to create archives of 32-bit objects using the original "small format". A correct version of the routines is shipped with AIX 4.3.2.

The initial assembler shipped with AIX 4.3.0 generates incorrect object files. A fix for APAR IX74254 (64BIT DISASSEMBLED OUTPUT FROM COMPILER FAILS TO ASSEMBLE/BIND) is available from IBM Customer Support and from its service.boulder.ibm.com website as PTF U453956. This fix is incorporated in AIX 4.3.1 and above.

The AIX 4.3.2.1 linker (bos.rte.bind_cmds Level 4.3.2.1) will dump core with a segmentation fault when invoked by any version of GCC. A fix for APAR IX87327 is available from IBM Customer Support and from its service.boulder.ibm.com website as PTF U461879. This fix is incorporated in AIX 4.3.3 and above.

### m68k-*-nextstep*

You absolutely must use GNU sed and GNU make on this platform.

On NEXTSTEP 3.x where x < 3 the build of GCC will abort during stage1 with an error message like this:

      _eh
      /usr/tmp/ccbbsZ0U.s:987:Unknown pseudo-op: .section
      /usr/tmp/ccbbsZ0U.s:987:Rest of line ignored. 1st junk character
      valued 95 (_).

The reason for this is the fact that NeXT's assembler for these versions of the operating system does not support the .section pseudo op that's needed for full C++ exception functionality.

As NeXT's assembler is a derived work from GNU as, a free replacement that does can be obtained at ftp://ftp.next.peak.org:/next-ftp/next/apps/devtools/as.3.3.NIHS.s.tar.gz.

If you try to build the integrated C++ & C++ runtime libraries on this system you will run into trouble with include files. The way to get around this is to use the following sequence. Note you must have write permission to the directory prefix you specified in the configuration process of GCC for this sequence to work.

      cd bld-gcc
      make all-texinfo all-bison all-byacc all-binutils all-gas all-ld
      cd gcc
      make bootstrap
      make install-headers-tar
      cd ..
      make bootstrap3

### m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1

It is reported that you may need the GNU assembler on this platform.

### mips*-sgi-irix[45]

You must use GAS on these platforms, as the native assembler can not handle the code for exception handling support. Either of these messages indicates that you are using the MIPS assembler when instead you should be using GAS:

      as0: Error: ./libgcc2.c, line 1:Badly delimited numeric literal
      .4byte $LECIE1-$LSCIE1
      as0: Error: ./libgcc2.c, line 1:malformed statement

or:

      as0: Error: /src/bld-gcc/gcc/libgcc2.c, line 1:undefined symbol in expression
      .word $LECIE1-$LSCIE1

These systems don't have ranlib, which various components in GCC need; you should be able to avoid this problem by installing GNU binutils, which includes a functional ranlib for this system.

You may get the following warning on irix4 platforms, it can be safely ignored.

      warning: foo.o does not have gp tables for all its sections.

When building GCC, the build process loops rebuilding cc1 over and over again. This happens on mips-sgi-irix5.2, and possibly other platforms.
It has been reported that this is a known bug in the make shipped with IRIX 5.2. We recommend you use GNU make instead of the vendor supplied make program; however, you may have success with "smake" on IRIX 5.2 if you do not have GNU make available.

See http://reality.sgi.com/ariel/freeware for more information about using GCC on IRIX platforms.

### mips*-sgi-irix6

You must not use GAS on irix6 platforms; doing so will only cause problems.

These systems don't have ranlib, which various components in GCC need; you should be able to avoid this problem by making a dummy script called ranlib which just exits with zero status and placing it in your path.

If you are using Irix cc as your bootstrap compiler, you must ensure that the N32 ABI is in use. To test this, compile a simple C file with `cc` and then run `file` on the resulting object file. The output should look like:

> `test.o: ELF N32 MSB ...`

If you see:

> `test.o: ELF 32-bit MSB`

then your version of `cc` uses the O32 ABI default. You should set the environment variable `CC` to 'cc -n32' before configuring GCC.

GCC does not currently support generating O32 ABI binaries in the mips-sgi-irix6 configurations. It used to be possible to create a GCC with O32 ABI only support by configuring it for the mips-sgi-irix5 target. See the link below for details.

GCC does not correctly pass/return structures which are smaller than 16 bytes and which are not 8 bytes. The problem is very involved and difficult to fix. It affects a number of other targets also, but IRIX 6 is affected the most, because it is a 64 bit target, and 4 byte structures are common. The exact problem is that structures are being padded at the wrong end, e.g. a 4 byte structure is loaded into the lower 4 bytes of the register when it should be loaded into the upper 4 bytes of the register.

GCC is consistent with itself, but not consistent with the SGI C compiler (and the SGI supplied runtime libraries), so the only failures that can happen are when there are library functions that take/return such structures. There are very few such library functions. I can only recall seeing two of them: inet_ntoa, and semctl.

See http://reality.sgi.com/ariel/freeware for more information about using GCC on IRIX platforms.

### powerpc-*-linux-gnu*

You will need binutils-2.9.4.0.8 or newer for a working GCC. It is strongly recommended to recompile binutils if you initially built it with gcc-2.7.2.x.

### *-*-solaris*

Starting with Solaris, Sun does not ship a C compiler any more. To bootstrap and install GCC you first have to install a pre-built compiler, see our binaries page for details.

Sun as 4.X is broken in that it cannot cope with long symbol names. A typical error message might look similar to the following:

> `/usr/ccs/bin/as: "/var/tmp/ccMsw135.s", line 11041: error: can't compute value of an expression involving an external symbol.`

See the How to work around too long C++ symbol names? FAQ entry for further information.

Sun make in all known Solaris 1 (SunOS 4) and Solaris 2 releases has a broken VPATH mechanism, which means you must either:

- Use GNU make (recommended), or:
- Always build in the source directory, or:
- (For GCC 2.95.1 only) apply the patches mentioned at http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/extensions.html#sun-make.

### sparc-sun-solaris*

binutils 2.9.1 has known bugs on this platform. We recommend to use binutils 2.10 or the vendor tools (Sun as, Sun ld).

Unfortunately, C++ shared libraries, including libstdc++, won't work properly if assembled with Sun as: the linker will complain about relocations in read-only sections, in the definition of virtual tables. Also, Sun as fails to process long symbols resulting from mangling template-heavy C++ function names.

### sparc-sun-solaris2.7

Sun patch 107058-01 (1999-01-13) for SPARC Solaris 7 triggers a bug in the dynamic linker. This problem (Sun bug 4210064) affects GCC 2.8 and later, including all EGCS releases. Sun formerly recommended 107058-01 for all Solaris 7 users, but around 1999-09-01 it started to recommend it only for people who use Sun's compilers.

Here are some workarounds to this problem:

- Do not install Sun patch 107058-01 until after Sun releases a complete patch for bug 4210064. This is the simplest course to take, unless you must also use Sun's C compiler. Unfortunately 107058-01 is preinstalled on some new Solaris-based hosts, so you may have to back it out.
- Copy the original, unpatched Solaris 7 `/usr/ccs/bin/as` into `/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.7/2.95.1/as`, adjusting the latter name to fit your local conventions and software version numbers.
- Install Sun patch 106950-03 (1999-05-25) or later. Nobody with both 107058-01 and 106950-03 installed has reported the bug with GCC and Sun's dynamic linker. This last course of action is riskiest, for two reasons. First, you must install 106950 on all hosts that run code generated by GCC; it doesn't suffice to install it only on the hosts that run GCC itself. Second, Sun says that 106950-03 is only a partial fix for bug 4210064, but Sun doesn't know whether the partial fix is adequate for GCC. Revision -08 or later should fix the bug, but (as of 1999-10-06) it is still being tested.

### *-sun-solaris2.8

Sun bug 4296832 turns up when compiling X11 headers with GCC 2.95 or newer: g++ will complain that types are missing. These headers assume that omitting the type means 'int'; this assumption worked for C89 but is wrong for C++, and is now wrong for C99 also.

g++ accepts such (illegal) constructs with the option -fpermissive; it will assume that any missing type is 'int' (as defined by C89).

For Solaris 8, this is fixed by revision 24 or later of patch 108652 (for SPARCs) or 108653 (for Intels).

### Sun V5.0 Compiler Bugs

The Sun V5.0 compilers are known to mis-compile GCC 2.95 and GCC 2.95.1, which in turn causes GCC to fail its bootstrap comparison test. GCC 2.95.2 has a workaround.

### sparc-sun-sunos*

A bug in the SunOS4 linker will cause it to crash when linking -fPIC compiled objects (and will therefore not allow you to build shared libraries).

To fix this problem you can either use the most recent version of binutils or get the latest SunOS4 linker patch (patch ID 100170-10) from Sun's patch site.

### sparc-unknown-linux-gnulibc1

It has been reported that you might need binutils-2.8.1.0.23 for this platform, too.

### sparc64-*-*

GCC version 2.95 is not able to compile code correctly for `sparc64` targets. Users of the Linux kernel, at least, can use the `sparc32` program to start up a new shell invocation with an environment that causes `configure` to recognize (via `uname -a`) the system as `sparc-*-*` instead.

### Microsoft Windows (32 bit)

A port of GCC 2.95.x is included with the Cygwin environment.

Current (as of early 2001) snapshots of GCC will build under Cygwin without modification.

### OS/2

GCC does not currently support OS/2. However, Andrew Zabolotny has been working on a generic OS/2 port with pgcc. The current code code can be found at http://www.goof.com/pcg/os2/.

An older copy of GCC 2.8.1 is included with the EMX tools available at ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/emx+gcc/.

### all ELF targets (SVR4, Solaris, etc.)

C++ support is significantly better on ELF targets if you use the GNU linker; duplicate copies of inlines, vtables and template instantiations will be discarded automatically.

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